abstract：:Behçet's disease (BD) is a recurrent systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin characterized by oral and genital mucous ulcer, uveitis, and skin lesions. Involvement of large vessels, central nervous system (CNS), gastrointestinal tract and thrombotic events are less frequent but can be life threatening. The ai...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Pineton de Chambrun M,Wechsler B,Geri G,Cacoub P,Saadoun D

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) is a hallmark of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). The indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay on HEp-2 cells is a commonly used test for the detection of ANA and was recently recommended as the screening test of choice by a task force of the American College ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Mahler M,Hanly JG,Fritzler MJ

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In patients with systemic auto-immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) like rheumatoid arthritis the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased. In the pathogenesis of AIIRD and atherosclerosis many similarities can be found in the process underlying CVD. Accumulation of inflammatory cells, in part...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Jager NA,Teteloshvili N,Zeebregts CJ,Westra J,Bijl M

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, have complex pathogeneses and likely multifactorial etiologies. The current paradigm for understanding their development is that the disease is triggered in genetically-susceptible individ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Costenbader KH,Gay S,Alarcón-Riquelme ME,Iaccarino L,Doria A

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diagnosis of seronegative (SN-) antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has been suggested for patients with clinical manifestations indicative of APS but with persistently negative results in the commonly used assays to detect anti-cardiolipin (aCL) antibodies, anti-β2 Glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI), and lupus antico...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Cervera R,Conti F,Doria A,Iaccarino L,Valesini G

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmunity is influenced by multiple factors including gender and sex hormones. A definite female predominance is found in many autoimmune diseases. Gender is also associated with differences in clinical presentation, onset, progression and outcome of autoimmune diseases. Sex hormones might influence the target orga...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Nussinovitch U,Shoenfeld Y

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During pregnancy, the fetus represents a natural allograft that is not normally rejected. While the maternal immune system retains the ability to respond to foreign antigens, tolerance mechanisms are up-regulated to protect the fetus from immunologic attacks by the mother. The profound immunologic adaptations during a...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Østensen M,Villiger PM,Förger F

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Menopause represents a time of significant clinical and hormonal change. Given the incompletely understood interrelationship between gonadal hormones and the immune system, it is possible that menopause may affect, or be affected by, the presence of autoimmune disease. Menopause has significant effects on a number of ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Sammaritano LR

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex and gender differences in disease prevalence, pathogenesis and modulation have been frequently reported. The menstrual cycle represents the opportunity to study the physiological effect of hormonal fluctuations in vivo on the immune function and chronic disease modulation. Reports on the effect of the cycle on imm...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Oertelt-Prigione S

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Female predominance is a common characteristic for autoimmune diseases attributed to the combined effect of hormonal influence and genetic factors. Since X chromosome has immunologically important genes, the age related X chromosome loss could contribute to the development of autoimmunity. X chromosome monosomy (XCM) ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Svyryd Y,Hernández-Molina G,Vargas F,Sánchez-Guerrero J,Segovia DA,Mutchinick OM

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoinflammatory diseases are genetic or acquired clinical entities globally caused by the aberrant release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 and mostly characterized by recurrent spontaneous inflammatory events which do not produce antigen-specific T cells or autoantibodies. Within the past decade, the li...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Rigante D

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune skin diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders with grossly diverging clinical manifestations but partly shared underlying immunological mechanisms. They may affect the skin as an isolated organ or among systemic diseases. In addition unspecific cutaneous symptoms or drug-induced unwanted effect...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Sticherling M,Erfurt-Berge C

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen expressed on B cells and widely used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. There is a growing amount of literature which suggests that rituximab may be useful for inflammatory ocular diseases and intraocular lymphoma. F...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Miserocchi E,Pontikaki I,Modorati G,Gattinara M,Meroni PL,Gerloni V

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pemphigoid (Pg) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease that affects the elderly population. The phenotype can be Bullous Pemphigoid (BP), which primarily involves the skin, or Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP), which primarily involves mucus membranes. Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP) and Oral Pemphigoid (...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Zakka LR,Reche P,Ahmed AR

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the characterization of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in mice, significant progress has been made in the definitions of the phenotype and the function of human Treg cells in health and in pathological conditions. Recent advances in the field leading to a better molecular definition of Treg subsets in h...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Miyara M,Gorochov G,Ehrenstein M,Musset L,Sakaguchi S,Amoura Z

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (+896 A/G) gene polymorphism has been reported to be associated with susceptibility to giant cell arteritis (GCA) with inconsistent results. To provide a more definitive conclusion, a cumulative meta-analysis of the association of TLR4 (+896 A/G) polymorphism with GCA susceptibility...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Alvarez-Rodriguez L,Muñoz Cacho P,Lopez-Hoyos M,Beares I,Mata C,Calvo-Alen J,Villa I,Martinez-Taboada VM

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have an incidence of cardiovascular (CV) diseases at least two times higher than the general population. Atherosclerosis, the main determinant of CV morbidity and mortality, and carotid intima-media thickness, an early preclinical marker of atherosclerosis, also occur early on in RA....

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Gremese E,Ferraccioli G

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the skin and other visceral organs and it is associated with immune activation characterized by autoantibody production, release of various cytokines and T-lymphocyte activation. Several recent lines o...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Bosello S,De Luca G,Tolusso B,Lama G,Angelucci C,Sica G,Ferraccioli G

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular endothelial injury in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) leads to pathological changes in the blood vessels that adversely impact the physiology of many organs, resulting in chronic tissue ischemia. The response to hypoxia induces complex cellular and molecular mechanisms in the attempt to recover endothelial cell func...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Cipriani P,Marrelli A,Liakouli V,Di Benedetto P,Giacomelli R

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis that affects mainly children of 6 months to 4 years old. It is important to be early recognised so as to limit the inflammatory cascade that may lead to aneurysmatic dilatations of coronary arteries. The causative agent of KD has not been still indentified and the aetiopathogeneti...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Alexoudi I,Kanakis M,Kapsimali V,Vaiopoulos G

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:E26 transformation-specific-1 (Ets-1) belongs to the Ets family of transcription factors which share a common 85-amino-acid DNA-binding domain. Ets-1 is essential to regulation of the immune system including immune cell proliferation and differentiation. Past data demonstrated Ets-1 play a role in negative regulation ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Leng RX,Pan HF,Chen GM,Feng CC,Fan YG,Ye DQ,Li XP

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alpha-actinin (α-actinin) is a ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein, which belongs to the superfamily of filamentous actin (F-actin) crosslinking proteins. It is present in multiple subcellular regions of both muscle and non-muscle cells, including cell-cell and cell-matrix contact sites, cellular protrusions and stress fi...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Oikonomou KG,Zachou K,Dalekos GN

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic, multipotent progenitor cells which can be isolated from various human adult tissues. In recent years, MSCs have been shown to possess broad immunoregulatory capabilities, modulating both adaptive and innate immunity. This review discusses the documented immunomodula...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Ben-Ami E,Berrih-Aknin S,Miller A

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Celiac disease, or gluten sensitive enteropathy is a relatively common disease of the jejunum, leading to malabsorption. It is an immune mediated disease, induced by gluten on the grounds of a specific genetic makeup. After gluten exposition immune processes are induced mainly by T-cells, causing typical intestinal an...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Vereckei E,Szodoray P,Poor G,Kiss E

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Follicular helper T cells (T(FH)) have been implicated as a lineage that provides sufficient help to B cells in order to become professional antibody producers. This T helper subset is characterized by a distinctive cell-surface phenotype (CD4(+)CD57(+)CXCR5(+)) and cytokine profile (IL-21, IL-6, and IL-27) as well as...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Gómez-Martín D,Díaz-Zamudio M,Romo-Tena J,Ibarra-Sánchez MJ,Alcocer-Varela J

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is made and you are told "You have SSc", it is a strange feeling for the patient, because you don't yet know what it is exactly. It is a very intense shock to hear this, and it is also difficult to try to imagine what will follow. There is no cure for SSc; there are just ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Godard D

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ferritin and prolactin have been associated with active autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus and autoantibody production, but have been little studied in viral infections that present autoimmunity. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association of these two autoimmune mediators with the presence of...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Sousa GM,Oliveira RC,Pereira MM,Paraná R,Sousa-Atta ML,Atta AM

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differentiation of epithelial cells is required to define tissue architecture and appropriate function of these cells is associated with a specific pattern of gene expression. DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones and chromatin remodeling are nuclear mechanisms implicated in epigenetic control o...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： González S,Aguilera S,Urzúa U,Quest AF,Molina C,Alliende C,Hermoso M,González MJ

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since many years immunologists have being tried to answer the tantalizing enigma of immunological tolerance. Complex mechanisms in both thymus (central tolerance) and peripheral lymphoid organs (peripheral tolerance) underly lymphocyte tolerance and its maintenance. The genesis of autoimmunity involves environmental a...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Fierabracci A

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The loss of immune tolerance to self antigens leads to the development of autoimmune responses. Since self antigens are often multiple and/or their sequences may be known, one approach to restore immune tolerance uses synthetic artificial peptides that interfere or compete with self peptides in the networks of cellula...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： La Cava A

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies to DNA among other nuclear molecules. These antibodies can form immune complexes that promote pathogenesis by stimulating cytokine production and depositing in the kidney to instigate nephritis. The an...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Pisetsky DS,Ullal AJ

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a member of the family of ANCA-associated vasculitides. Its characteristic histology shows a necrotizing small vessel vasculitis with little or absent immune deposits (pauci-immune vasculitis). In Western countries MPA shows a lower prevalence than Wegener's disease, it affects more m...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Villiger PM,Guillevin L

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic rheumatic diseases (SRDs) are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. It has recently been recognised that chronic inflammation is an important factor in the development of atherosclerotic plaque and endothelial dysfunction. The levels of biomarkers such as serum pentraxin 3 (PTX3), an innate immunity pr...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Atzeni F,Turiel M,Hollan I,Meroni P,Sitia S,Tomasoni L,Sarzi-Puttini P

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term pulmonary renal vasculitis syndrome describes a clinical syndrome of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) complicating acute glomerulonephritis that often heralds severe, life-threatening systemic vasculitis requiring urgent, aggressive therapy. "Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Lee RW,D'Cruz DP

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IgG4-related disease is a distinct clinical entity, whose characteristic features are the following; Serum IgG4 is prominently elevated, IgG4-positive plasma cells infiltrate in involved tissues, various mass-forming lesions with fibrosis develop in a timely and spatial manner and the response to corticosteroids is pr...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Takahashi H,Yamamoto M,Suzuki C,Naishiro Y,Shinomura Y,Imai K

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) are prevalent in women during their childbearing age. For their treatment, high doses of corticosteroid (CS) for long-term periods are often required, increasing the risk of bone loss. According to recent guidelines, bisphosphonates (BP) should be used as first line treatment to pre...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Losada I,Sartori L,Di Gianantonio E,Zen M,Clementi M,Doria A

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a primary large-vessel vasculitis predominantly seen in the elderly that preferentially involves the external carotid artery and its branches. However, inflammation of the aorta and its branches occurs in a subset of patients although symptoms of aortic involvement may appear years after ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Martínez-Valle F,Solans-Laqué R,Bosch-Gil J,Vilardell-Tarrés M

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sarcoidosis (SA) is a granulomatous disorder of an unknown etiology. Infectious, genetic factors and autoimmunity have been explored as potential causes of SA. Pathologic similarities between SA and tuberculosis (TB) suggest Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially mycobacterial antigen(s) e.g. heat shock proteins (Mtb-...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Dubaniewicz A

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New biologic agents have changed the paradigm of rheumatoid arthritis treatment, leading to improvement in managing patients' refractory to classical DMARDs. Anti-TNF-alpha is used as first-line treatment in patients failing to respond to classical DMARDs. However, up to 50% of patients fail to respond to these drugs ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Caporali R,Sarzi-Puttini P,Atzeni F,Gorla R,Filippini M,Marchesoni A,Favalli EG,Bobbio-Pallavicini F,Montecucco C

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between malignancy and autoimmune myositis has been largely described and confirmed by numerous epidemiological studies. The temporal relationship between the two pathologic conditions can vary: malignancy may occur before, at the same time or following the diagnosis of myositis. Beside these observati...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Zampieri S,Valente M,Adami N,Biral D,Ghirardello A,Rampudda ME,Vecchiato M,Sarzo G,Corbianco S,Kern H,Carraro U,Bassetto F,Merigliano S,Doria A

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00